Formulation of Gel and Its UV Protective Study of Some Medicinal Flowers

 

S.B. Patil1*, V.V. Patil1, D.S. Ghodke1, M.S. Kondawar1, N.S. Naikwade1 and C.S. Magdum2

1Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, South Shivajinagar, Sangli – 416416.

2Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Sangli

*Corresponding Author E-mail: sandeep_pharmacology@rediffmail.com

 

 

ABSTRACT:

The present study was designed to prepare sunscreen herbal formulations gel. Hibiscus rosa-sinesis L. (Malvaceae), Rosa Damascena (Rosaceae), Spathodea campanulata L. (Bignoniaceae)   is one of the well-known drugs for its therapeutic values in traditional medicine. In the present study the drug was screened for its cosmetic use. All the three herbal drugs containing flavonoid showed sunscreen activity. The sunscreen activities of gel formulations could be related to the free radical scavenging properties of polyphenol compounds in the extracts incorporated in it. The method is performed by UV –visible spectrophotometry in the range of 200-400nm. Result of the extracts alone and gel formulation showed maximum absorbance at 270-300nm.

 

Keywords: Hibiscus rosa-sinesis L, Rosa damascena, Spathodea campanulata L. sunscreen gel

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Sunscreens are chemicals that provide protection against the adverse effects of solar and in particular UV radiation1. Exposed sun ultraviolet light classify in to 3 types, by its wavelengths: UVA, UVB and UVC. Direct exposure to UVC for a length of time would destroy the skin. Various herbal formulations and chemicals are available to block UV rays and always prevent all types of skin from various types of damages2, 3. Hibiscus rosa-sinesis L is a small plant belonging to family Malvaceae, flowers are red coloured, large, cyclic hypogynous, pedicilate, complete, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, peutamerous4. The plants contains active chemical constituents are quercetin, cyanidin, kaempferol5. Flowers are refrigerant, emollient, demulcent and aphrodisiac; also emmenagogue6. Spathodea campanulata L. is native of tropical Africa, with orange scarlet bell shaped flowers, three by two and half inch large, may be seen in full flowering in the month of November. 7 The flower part is most colour ful & consists of maximum amount of chromophores responsible for the activity. The plant was previously reported to have anti-hyperglycemic, 8 anti-malarial, 9 as well as wound healing & antioxidant activity. 10

 

Rosa damascena or Gulab is a small plant belonging to the rosaceae family.  At present, R. damascena is cultivated species for rose attar not only in India but also in Iran and Spain. 11

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Hibiscus rosa-sinesis L., Rosa damascena, Spathodea campanulata L. flowers were freshly obtained from nursery and local region at Sangli; botanical identification was performed at the Department of Botany in Willingdon College Sangli. Later the petals were separated and dried by circulating cool air. 100 g powdered petals were extracted with distilled water: methanol (2:5) by maceration. The extracts were evaporated to dryness on steam bath. The general flavonoid identification test was performed on the extract. 12

 

Test 1 (Shinoda test): To dry extract, add 5 ml 95% ethanol, few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 0.5 g magnesium turnings. Pink colour observed.

Test 2: To small quantity of extract, add lead acetate solution, yellow coloured precipitate is formed.

 

Experimental work:

Preparation of gel formulation: To prepare plain gel carbopol (ultrez 21, Noveon Inc.) was soaked in water. After some time, other ingredients were added and triturated well. The total floral extract (5mg) was then added slowly with triturating to plain gel to get a homogeneous dispersion of the extract in the gel.

 

Screening of Gel Formulations for Sunscreen Activity

For the measurement, 50 mg of the finished preparation was dissolved in Isopropanol: Water(50:50) and diluted to 100 ml. The solution was placed in 1 cm wide quartz cuvettes of spectrophotometer and its spectrum was recorded from 200 to 400 nm.

 

Fig. no. 1 Spectra for Hibiscus rosa sinesis Linn

 

Fig no. 2 Spectra for Rosa damascena

 

Fig no. 3 Spectra for Spathodea campanulata L

 

Fig. no. 4 Spectra for gel formulation of  all extract

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The results obtained were showed the flower extract and its formulation has ability to absorb UV radiation, hence it’s proved UV protection. All three extract can absorb UV radiation in the range of 200-400nm. However, the ranges giving maximum absorption for Rosa damascena and gel formulation were 270-300.  Although the maximum absorption of these extracts are in the range of UVB. The UV absorption of these extracts is suggested to be because of the presence of the flavonoid components within the extract.

 

REFERENCE:

1.        Elmets CA and Young C. Sunscreens and photocarcinogenesis: An objective assessment Photochem. Photobiol. 63; 1996: 435-439

2.        Patil VV, Patil SB, Kondawar MS, Naikwade NS, and Magdum CS. Study of Methanolic Extract of Flower of Spathodea campanulata L. as an Anti-Solar. International Journal of Green Pharmacy Vol. 3(3);2009: 248-249.

3.        Saraf S, Saraf SS, Ashawat M. Anti solar activity of flowers extracts of R. damascena and T. erecta Linn. Planta indica. 1(3); 2005: 26-7.

4.        Sharma OP A manual of practical botany, 3rd Edition, Vol. 2, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut. 1985. pp. 323.

5.        Jayvir Anjaria, Nature Heals, A glossary of selected indigenous medicinal plants of India, Sristi, Ahmedabad, 1997, 31.

6.        Kulkarni KM Indian Materia Medica, Bombay Popular Prakashan, Mumbai. 1991, pp. 1225.

7.        Cooke T. The flora of presidency of Bombay. Vol II. Botanical survey of India: Calcutta; 1905.

8.        Niyonzima G, Scharpe S, Beeck LV, Vlietinck AJ, Laekeman GM., Mets T.  Hypoglycaemic activity of Spathodea campanulata stem bark decoction in mice. Phytotherapy Research. 7(1); 2006: 64-7.

9.        Makinde JM, Amusan OOG, Adesogan EK. The antimalarial activity of chromatographic fractions of Spathodea campanulata stem bark extracts against Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. Phytotherapy-Research. 4(2); 1990: 53-6.

10.     Houghton PJ, Hylands PJ, Mensah AY, Hensel A, Deters AM. In vitro tests and ethnopharmacological investigations: Wound healing as an example. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 100(1-2); 2005: 100-7.

11.     Chopra R.N., Nayar S.L. and Chopra I.C. Glossary of Indian medicinal plans IV p 215 N.I.S.C. New Delhi. India.

12.     Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy. 12th ed. Nirali Prakashan: Pune; 2004.

 

 

Received on 13.06.2011          Accepted on 20.06.2011        

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Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 1(2): April-June 2011; Page 34-35